Cerjugo SA

Per capita beer consumption in the country had been stable for many years. In order to find new opportunities for growth, Courage management decided to expand their product lines into juices. They recognized early on that the juice business was very different from that of beer. In beer, there was little competition and profit margins were high, close to 40 percent. The profit margins for juice would be much lower and there were a number of competitors but they felt they could create a competitive advantage by (1) sousing on â€Å"freshness,† I. E. All natural ingredients; (2) by leveraging their deep knowledge of their consumers; and (3) by capitalizing on an already strong retail customer base, which would triple as a result of adding juice products. The Organizational Structure The president of Courage is Manuel Preparer. He currently has three key executives reporting to him: Jose Gunman, Felid Razor, and Maria Santiago. Jose is the director of Production; Felid is the vice president of Sales, Marketing and Distribution; and Maria is the director of Finance and Administration. Each executive worked closely with Manuel and are involved in all major company decisions. The country is not named to protect the anonymity of the company on which this case is based. At the time of the expansion into juice, a new $50 million production facility was built across the street from the current juice plant. Organizationally, management assumed that the manufacturing, sales, and distribution of the new product lines could be fitted into the existing structure by adding new positions and employees. They added a production manager of juice manufacturing, juice production providers and employees, additional sales supervisors, and over 900 salespeople.Existing salespeople were trained to sell the new juice products in addition to the beer products that they were used to, and the sales compensation plan was modified so that a higher percentage of the pay would be variable based on total beer and juice revenues. We focus on Grouse's two main divisions: the production division and the sales, marketing, and distribution division. Until a few years ago, the executive team had worked very well together with few major difficulties. The Production Division: Jose GunmanJose Gunman, the director of production, has four senior managers reporting to him: Carols Mange, manager, beer manufacturing Dolores Abide, quality control manager; Antonio Ben, the production planning manager; and George Nevada, manager, juice manufacturing. Carols, Dolores, and Antonio have all been with Courage for the past 15 years. George was hired two years ago when Courage moved into the juice business. George is Harvard educated and had extensive experience in the juice business in North America before accepting Manual's offer to join Courage.The production division has a strict research with many layers of management. Front-line employees such as assemblers and maintenance staff rep ort to team leaders, who report to plant supervisors. Plant supervisors report to either Carols or George. The jobs in the production division are highly specialized. Formal procedures have been documented and all new employees go through extensive training so that quality standards, safety standards, and efficiencies are maintained. The Sales, Marketing and Distribution Division: Felid Razor Felid Razor, the vice president of Sales, Marketing and Distribution, has beenManual's second-in-command for many years. He is in charge of four departments, each headed up by a senior manager. These departments are distribution, trade marketing, market research, and sales. The sales department, which has 1400 employees, is further divided into urban sales and rural sales, and there are 13 rural sales managers reporting to the head of rural sales. Each sales representative serves a territory that usually consists of both licensed and non-licensed establishments. They supply retailers with produ ct information and storefront displays.They also offer discounts and promotions, where appropriate, in an attempt to win limited retailer shelf space. A partial organization chart is shown in Exhibit A. The Current Situation Manuel is very concerned since the forecasted sales and profit targets for the juice business have not been met for the second year in a row. Perceptions in the market are that Courage juice is not of a high quality, and consumers do not appear to be aware of the degree of â€Å"freshness† in the products. In addition, the sales force does not seem to fully understand the juice product attributes and tends to focus on selling beer rather than juice products.Turnover in the sales force has increased dramatically and there has been a great deal of in-fighting between Jose, Felid, and Maria. They always seem to be at opposing ends of an issue and Manuel has to make decisions that inevitably angers one or other of them. The last straw came yesterday when Manu el heard rumors that George Nevada, his Harvard-educated manager Of juice manufacturing, had received another job offer and was planning to resign. Last week, Manuel individually asked Felid and Jose to give him their suggestions for how to improve the juice business.Joke's response was as follows: â€Å"We need to continue to improve efficiencies, keep production and inventory costs to a minimum, and maintain a consistent and high-quality product. Have been doing this successfully for a very long time and I know that the most important success factors are to reduce changeover times on the bottling lines, keep my line capacities to a maximum, my inventory and storage costs down, and the shelf-life of my ingredients up. On the people side, the key to my success has been to have clear rules and work procedures o that we can keep errors and waste to a minimum.What need to do now is the following: (1) Replace the natural vitamin C extract with artificial ascorbic acid. This will increa se the shelf-life of the juices, which will increase its profitability. (2) Eliminate the mill packaging size. This will reduce the changeover times on the line and reduce our costs of production. † Felid's response was as follows: ‘We need to create more customer demand and strengthen our competitive advantage. I have been doing this for a very long time and I haven't let you down yet. We do not have enough variety in either our flavors or our bottle sizes.Juice retailers and consumers are different from Our beer customers. Our competitive advantage in this market is ‘freshness. ‘ That is our niche. What we need to do now is the following: (1 ) We currently have only two bottle sizes (mill and mill). We need to introduce mill and 1. ALL bottle sizes in order to be able to compete with the other players in the market. While these are unique sizes and packaging formats, they are essential to building the unique image of our brand. (2) We currently have only 12 juice flavors.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Management

American steel industry fell behind the Japanese industry, so changes had to be made in the processes of manufacturing. Nucor Steel opened in 1989 in Indiana and made a revolution in steel industry. Keith Russe is the general manager of the plant. The Nucor plant is rather small, but they produce 800,000 tons of steel each year. The reason of high productivity is the computer integrated manufacturing and management. Team work is also very important. The computer system integrates business information, process control, and the machines. It uses 1100 databases, 500 programs that create unlimited possibilities. Orders are placed from the very beginning into the computer, and it is process totally by the computer as well. Nucor uses pull system that connects the purchase order to raw materials, manufacturing process, and shipping. From scrap yard, the workers feed scrap into furnaces, where it melts into steel lava, and it is then moved into continuous caster, then to computer controlled gas premise, and then to the finishing room. Tags are put on the finished coils. Computer screens tell what each customer wants. As a result of the success, another plant was opened in Arkansas. With the help of new technologies, procedures, and computer integrated manufacturing, the American steel industry managed to gain the market share. American steel industry fell behind the Japanese industry, so changes had to be made in the processes of manufacturing. Nucor Steel opened in 1989 in Indiana and made a revolution in steel industry. Keith Russe is the general manager of the plant. The Nucor plant is rather small, but they produce 800,000 tons of steel each year. The reason of high productivity is the computer integrated manufacturing and management. Team work is also very important. The computer system integrates business information, process control, and the machines. It uses 1100 databases, 500 programs that create unlimited possibilities. Orders are placed from the very beginning into the computer, and it is process totally by the computer as well. Nucor uses pull system that connects the purchase order to raw materials, manufacturing process, and shipping. From scrap yard, the workers feed scrap into furnaces, where it melts into steel lava, and it is then moved into continuous caster, then to computer controlled gas premise, and then to the finishing room. Tags are put on the finished coils. Computer screens tell what each customer wants. As a result of the success, another plant was opened in Arkansas. With the help of new technologies, procedures, and computer integrated manufacturing, the American steel industry managed to gain the market share. American steel industry fell behind the Japanese industry, so changes had to be made in the processes of manufacturing. Nucor Steel opened in 1989 in Indiana and made a revolution in steel industry. Keith Russe is the general manager of the plant. The Nucor plant is rather small, but they produce 800,000 tons of steel each year. The reason of high productivity is the computer integrated manufacturing and management. Team work is also very important. The computer system integrates business information, process control, and the machines. It uses 1100 databases, 500 programs that create unlimited possibilities. Orders are placed from the very beginning into the computer, and it is process totally by the computer as well. Nucor uses pull system that connects the purchase order to raw materials, manufacturing process, and shipping. From scrap yard, the workers feed scrap into furnaces, where it melts into steel lava, and it is then moved into continuous caster, then to computer controlled gas premise, and then to the finishing room. Tags are put on the finished coils. Computer screens tell what each customer wants. As a result of the success, another plant was opened in Arkansas. With the help of new technologies, procedures, and computer integrated manufacturing, the American steel industry managed to gain the market share. American steel industry fell behind the Japanese industry, so changes had to be made in the processes of manufacturing. Nucor Steel opened in 1989 in Indiana and made a revolution in steel industry. Keith Russe is the general manager of the plant. The Nucor plant is rather small, but they produce 800,000 tons of steel each year. The reason of high productivity is the computer integrated manufacturing and management. Team work is also very important. The computer system integrates business information, process control, and the machines. It uses 1100 databases, 500 programs that create unlimited possibilities. Orders are placed from the very beginning into the computer, and it is process totally by the computer as well. Nucor uses pull system that connects the purchase order to raw materials, manufacturing process, and shipping. From scrap yard, the workers feed scrap into furnaces, where it melts into steel lava, and it is then moved into continuous caster, then to computer controlled gas premise, and then to the finishing room. Tags are put on the finished coils. Computer screens tell what each customer wants. As a result of the success, another plant was opened in Arkansas. With the help of new technologies, procedures, and computer integrated manufacturing, the American steel industry managed to gain the market share. American steel industry fell behind the Japanese industry, so changes had to be made in the processes of manufacturing. Nucor Steel opened in 1989 in Indiana and made a revolution in steel industry. Keith Russe is the general manager of the plant. The Nucor plant is rather small, but they produce 800,000 tons of steel each year. The reason of high productivity is the computer integrated manufacturing and management. Team work is also very important. The computer system integrates business information, process control, and the machines. It uses 1100 databases, 500 programs that create unlimited possibilities. Orders are placed from the very beginning into the computer, and it is process totally by the computer as well. Nucor uses pull system that connects the purchase order to raw materials, manufacturing process, and shipping. From scrap yard, the workers feed scrap into furnaces, where it melts into steel lava, and it is then moved into continuous caster, then to computer controlled gas premise, and then to the finishing room. Tags are put on the finished coils. Computer screens tell what each customer wants. As a result of the success, another plant was opened in Arkansas. With the help of new technologies, procedures, and computer integrated manufacturing, the American steel industry managed to gain the market share.

Using digital marketing and outdoor Ads for SMEs Essay

Using digital marketing and outdoor Ads for SMEs - Essay Example This makes marketing a key characteristic that may determine the success of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs). This relationship between marketing and small businesses is a concern of many researchers. Mc Cartan-Quinn and Carson (2003) were perhaps pioneers in investigating this relationship. Much of their work (1995, 2003) focused on the role of digital marketing and traditional marketing (with one of this tools is outdoor advertising) for SMEs. Their studies, which were conducted in Ireland, concentrated on examining which issues impact upon marketing in the small businesses (Cartan-Quinn and Carson,2003: p202). However, according to Nahas (2009), marketing and information support and availability are the main obstacles confronted by small and medium enterprises. Many subsequent researchers (e.g., OShea 1998, Motwani, Jiang and Kumar 1998, and Evans and Moutinho 1999) were believed that small businesses tend to be far more creative and innovative than the larger organizatio ns. Moreover, according to (Zartmam, 1978 p29) the factor for SMEs success is the ability to take advantage of modern business techniques. In order to be successful, SMEs must attempt to use modern business techniques, procedures and efficient equipment where available (Kuratko & Hodgetts, 1995). When businesses use modern business techniques, they are virtually guarantees to remain competitive and efficient in their respective markets. This is particularly important for SMEs (Ghose & Yang, 2010 p18). As result, SMEs should consider at digital marketing and outdoor advertising as one of these techniques. It is, therefore, necessary to look for the features of marketing in SME, mainly the digital marketing and outdoor advertising management functions and capabilities with a view to assisting SMEs through the critical stages to permanence. The following is a research proposal with an aim of creating an outline to assist in preparation of final research project that will

Strategic analysis of the Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic analysis of the Wal-Mart - Essay Example The intention of this study is Wal-Mart as one of the largest and formidable players in the global retail industry. Since its establishment by Rogers Ark in the year 1962, the company has grown by leaps and bounds with a presence in about 28 nations with about 9759 stores across the globe. The company provides direct and indirect employment to 2.1 million individuals globally. Wal-Mart is also listed on the bourses of the New York stock exchange where its stocks are being actively traded. It has been consistently ranked among the top brands by leading agencies like Fortune and Forbes. The company derives its competitive edge on the basis of its famous EDLP (Every Day Low Price) strategy and has a cost leadership approach towards generating competitive advantage in the market. A successful logistics and supply chain management strategy of the company using ERP is the backbone behind the successful recipe of success of the company. Michael Porter stated three generic strategies that ca n also shape up positioning of a product or a brand in the market. Positioning is defined as the image of a product or service in the minds of the target market audience. The three strategic alternatives given by Porter include focus, differentiation and cost based leadership. Firms undertaking a focus strategy generate competitive advantage on the basis of concentrating on a single product line or a specified customer segment. A differentiation strategy involves competing in the market on the basis of differentiation in products and services that involves providing a product or service that is unique in the industry and deriving competitive advantage from the aspect. ... Background Wal-Mart is one of the largest and formidable players in the global retail industry. Since its establishment by Rogers Ark in the year 1962, the company has grown by leaps and bounds with a presence in about 28 nations with about 9759 stores across the globe. The company provides direct and indirect employment to 2.1 million individuals globally. Wal-Mart is also listed on the bourses of the New York stock exchange where its stocks are being actively traded. It has been consistently ranked among the top brands by leading agencies like Fortune and Forbes. The company derives its competitive edge on the basis of its famous EDLP (Every Day Low Price) strategy and has a cost leadership approach towards generating competitive advantage in the market. A successful logistics and supply chain management strategy of the company using ERP is the backbone behind the successful recipe of success of the company (Wal-Mart, 2011). Strategic Positioning Michael Porter stated three generic strategies that can also shape up positioning of a product or a brand in the market. Positioning is defined as the image of a product or service in the minds of the target market audience. The three strategic alternatives given by Porter include focus, differentiation and cost based leadership. Firms undertaking a focus strategy generate competitive advantage on the basis of concentrating on a single product line or a specified customer segment. A differentiation strategy involves competing in the market on the basis of differentiation in products and services that involves providing a product or service that is unique in the industry and deriving competitive advantage from the aspect. Cost based differentiation includes a strategy under

Poetry paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poetry paper - Essay Example It is also vivid that no single chapter is written without the use of a song or a poem (Tolkien 183). Chapter One, An Unexpected Party, shows the humor of the scenario when a baffled Bilbo Baggins is paid a visit by 12 unwelcome dwarves, who swiftly make themselves comfortable and begin to have a great feast. They compassionately propose to help in cleaning their mess. However, Bilbo becomes worried about the senseless handling of his favorite dishes. The Dwarves respond by singing the poem, Chip the glasses and crack the plates. In this poem, it is not easy to determine if the dwarves are ridiculing Bilbo or attempting to do as he requests. It can be said that they are doing both. Generally, the lyrics achieve various purposes which include providing humor, character development and bring about reader interaction. This is evident in line 3, first stanza of page 31. The formulation of the poem torments by providing contradictory instructions. This is where the reader realizes that th e dwarves are fanatical, teasing or both, and that Bilbo becomes worried by having his pleasant tiny silent home messed up. The reader is also provided with a chance to formulate their own tunes for the crazy song. The poetry in The Hobbit draws attention to the vast disparity flanked by varying races of Middle Earth and how they select to articulate their views. Dwarves make use of a simple eight syllable configuration in their poetry, with 4 lines to every stanza. There are no convoluted metaphors applied and the themes are real and concrete. Poetry of the Dwarves involves ancient history, customs, and ways of life, retrieving the lost inheritance and looking into the depths of the earth. This is evident in line 2, 4, stanza 1 of page 14-15. The Elves in chapter 19, however, have a free formation in their poems where they make use of vivid adjectives and metaphors. Their rhythm is more of a song as compared to the Dwarves’ march, which echoes the physical features of the El ves. Their poetry depicts attractiveness, tranquility, and happiness as compared to material objects. The Orcs, polar contrary to the Elves in attractiveness and goodness, can generate merely unpleasant sounding poetry. A race formulated via the deformation of Elves, Orcs are attracted only to ruin, authority and killing. Goblin poetry seems like the smacking of lips and the crashing of jaws and the subject matter are hunting, killing, mistreating creatures and intimidating foes. The sounds that Tolkien applies in these poems are by design insensitive, piercing, monosyllabic, and rushed to echo the nature of the loathsome creatures who sing them. This is evident in the following stanza. â€Å"†¦Clap! Snap! the black crack! Grip, grab! Pinch, nab! And down down to Goblin-town You go, my lad!...† The disparity flanked by the language selection of the Orcs and the Elves presents euphonic backing to the imagery of the manifestation and the actions of the characters. Where th e Elves are lilting, easy and alliterative, the Orcs words may not be formulated devoid of clashing teeth and opening and shutting the mouth suddenly. Language as part of a character appears instinctive, however a reader is less often provided with undeviating link flanked by the sound of speech and the personality of the speaker. A number of the poetry of The Hobbit is, effectively sung by a Hobbit. Bilbo Baggins is at the center of the story and his songs borrow heavily from

Paper IntroductionThe purpose of this depth section of the KAM is to Essay

Paper IntroductionThe purpose of this depth section of the KAM is to critically examine the theories supporting technology based instructional practices aligned with the current educational system - Essay Example educational system understand the nature and complexity of social and cognitive constructivism and act with this knowledge in mind when integrating technology-enhanced instruction. Because of the growing dependence and importance of technology in society, technology is increasingly important in schools as it is employed for problem-solving instructional practices. The breadth portion of this Knowledge Area Module (KAM) presents a working theory of constructivism based upon instructional practices adapted to meet the technology requirements of the twenty-first century learner. There will be special emphasis on the work of Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, and Seymour Papert. The Breadth paper emphasizes on the relationship between social and cognitive constructivism and on how it independently or collaboratively influences education. The constructivists’ theories and concepts address learning styles and academic achievement. It concludes with the suggestion that to increase productivity in terms of student achievement and productivity, an increase in feedback communication from all stakeholders in an educational system is needed. Feedback communication increase can be contributed to the use of technology infused instruction, data management and intelligent classrooms communication. part of mainstream life. According to Henson (2005), the 2000 U.S. Census shows that 51% of households in the United States had computers and about 41.5% of American households had access to the Internet. Computers are positioned in schools across the nation. School districts cultivate reform practices to include the integration of technology in curriculum standards. In addition, student technology standards are aligned with each grade level for students to master. Educational paradigm shifts bring new perspectives, new conceptualizations and new ways of thinking about a topic. The research studies explain the important role of technology within a constructivist centered classroom. In

Successful Negotiation for Salary Raise Case Study

Successful Negotiation for Salary Raise - Case Study Example It's a quiet convincing statement which refers to human nature where most of the times s/he inquires 'what's in it for me'' and is willing to get into details of the situation. The case presented here is about asking my manager for increasing my salary. It's been almost two years that I have been part of the same organization on the same pay scale; however my job role has changed multiple times, mostly increasing the job responsibilities. Such duration was viable enough to prove my value as being part of the organization and fight the case. In the current scenario, I had an upper hand as recently my coworker resigned, leaving his share of job responsibilities upon my shoulder. Earlier I was managing just a single product line but now another one has been added, making my job role tougher claiming double the time and efforts. I was the only resource my boss had left in retail function, having the set of expertise and experience as I had. If at this point in time I leave, my boss would be left with loads to handle all by himself. Hiring another resource was always an option but as per the regressive interviewing process, it would have taken minimum of three months for hiring adding another three months for trainings and blending in of the new resource. The key here was to present my significance to the organization, specifically to my manager making him believe that I deserve more then what I am getting right now based on my capability of committing to extra amount of work., whereas saving their cost which will be incurred over hiring of the new resource. This did require careful measures, such that I don't look too assertive, giving an impression of over-ambition, nor too timid showing desperation. I was demanding 40% increase over my current gross salary... Alternatives included bonus equivalent to two months of my gross salary, organization paying for my college tuition fees, and one week paid vacations to one of the countries. In return, I was willing to take almost half of the responsibilities of my coworker who resigned or take up additional assignment, distinct to my current job responsibilities. If all above had not worked out, I was willing to take the counter offer I had in hand, which may have been close to my demand if not exceeding it. However this implied starting from scratch in understanding the way of work, getting in the flow and most importantly proving myself once again to my new employer. For my current employer, doing so meant investing their valuable time and resources in hiring and training two resources. Another option was to deny taking additional responsibilities which eventually could have turned out to be the reason for losing my job. My employer could have either let go of me right at the spot or could have removed me till they get a replacement to keep the job running. It was definitely not a piece of cake getting the management team to agree for paying me additional amount. I gathered the Do(s) and Don't(s) needed to be taken care of before presenting my case. Negotiation Process - Do(s) In order to make the negotiation process successful, it was essential to go beyond my current working methods and exhibit my talent. Below are the steps I followed to achieve the outcome: Identify the objective Just like a solution cannot be achieved till the problem is identified, results cannot be attained till objectives are defined. To keep my manager's attention focused, first and the foremost thing I did was to figure out my objective and the desired

Marketing plan for amazon.com Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing plan for amazon.com - Research Paper Example cific industry in which Amazon.com operates, the organization requires a holistic marketing strategy associated with the Amazon name rather than attempting the laborious and costly activity of differentiating each and every market in which the company maintains a presence. Therefore, the company should be focusing on building a brand personality for the company as a whole, making a variety of markets gain favorable impressions of the company and not the products or industries in which the business operates. The marketing strategy is to ensure that disparate consumer segments build a perception of brand preference for Amazon.com over its plethora of different competitors. Brand preference is defined as the level to which consumer segments prefer a company or brand after weighing equality related to product availability and pricing structures (Boone & Kurtz, 2007). It is the extent to which consumers would rather make purchases with one company over other competitive offerings in an established market. Advertising is a powerful influence in creating brand preference (Jedidi, Mela & Gupta, 1999). Price is also a substantial persuasion that impacts the level of demand that companies can expect which is an indicator of brand preference (Draganska & Jain, 2006). Amazon.com, as a company that has been in operation since 1994, has already established brand recognition and brand awareness with millions of consumers which is justified by attained revenues of $61.09 billion in 2012 (Amazon, 2013). However, if the company can establish brand preference, it will open many new market opportunities and increase market share for this company that is still in the growth stage. Companies that have managed to establish brand preference experience higher revenue growth and can even allow organizations to charge higher prices since consumers believe in the quality and integrity of the brand (Chaudhuri & Holbrook, 2001). To accomplish this goal of establishing more significant brand

A&E Home Video Essay Example for Free

AE Home Video Essay Of course, in the19th Century urban setting of Wilde’s English play, this upward push of class identity would not come without an enormous price, and in many ways this can be said to be what his play is actually all about. In order to enter the upper-class, one must display all the refinement that this newfound status was meant to betray. Jack, the protagonist of Wilde’s play seems altogether contemptuous of all the pomposity that London and modern life has to offer. But this is not at all lost on Gwendolyn, the woman that he intends to marry. It is to her for whom this new modern idealism is all just a part of what makes him such an attractive suitor. She seems to express this right away. â€Å"We live, as I hope you know, Mr. Worthing, in an age of ideals. The fact is constantly mentioned in the more expensive monthly magazines, and has reached the provincial pulpits† (Wilde, 1895) Thus at times Jack steals away to the countryside where he can be more of himself; even as he has convinced others that he is Earnest. When his best friend Algernon asks him why he goes away he tells him â€Å"When one is in town, one amuses oneself. When one is in the country one amuses other people. † (Wilde, 1895) It is almost as if he means to say that poverty or better, the remoteness of the country setting offers him a more realistic outlook upon life than the smugness of London. For a time, almost effortlessly he uses one identity to escape one world and another identity to escape the other. Soon, we discover that Algernon has incorporated the same manner of fantasy into his own life. In Sure Thing culture, class, and status are triggers which appear to deliver attributes to strangers meeting each other for the very first time. Betty sits in the coffee shop reading a book as Bill attempts to approach her. Here, the affirmation of what is good or bad worthy or unworthy is often elicited from the audience’s response to the dialogue, as if post modern urban Americans have all but learned to pimp a bogus sense of idealism no different from Great Brittan more than a century ago. This is a world where a first impression maybe all that you have, and thus win or loose you only get once chance at failure, as Ives takes us through a drama that often resembles several rounds of speed dating. We hear his instant desire for acceptance when Bill makes several attempts to correct his earlier mistakes, as in this exchange: â€Å"Where was college? † â€Å"Oral Roberts College† (Bell) â€Å"Tech† (Bell) â€Å"Metro† (Bell) â€Å"Harvard† â€Å"Do you like Faulkner? † (Ives, 1988) This is a play meant to involve the audience as a part of the cast as well. As we look on, it is the judgment of the bell that gets our approval one pick up line after another. Ives does not have to bring the cynicism; we all know that this is all simply about sex and nothing more. What else could it be? He leaves the rest up to us to decide. It is the familiar game of boy meets girl and predictably she holds all the cards. Still, we are intrigued by the scenario, because in a sense it forces us to take a cynical look at ourselves and just what governs what we consider to be proper in our own lives. There is really no escaping it. While Bill has to spend the entire play going through the motions in order to discover just what it will take to get next to Betty, Jack ultimately comes to realize in the end that he actually is. There is no shortage of symbolism in either of these plays. Indeed, perhaps the saturation of metaphor is put immediately on notice with the title of Wilde’s play; The Importance of Being Earnest. In the end, we discover that this has much more meaning that we may have been led to believe. Although they wrote one hundred years apart, both of these writers attempt to place male-female relationships in a number of ‘what if’ situation, and both in their very own brilliant way force us to look squarely into the mirror of our own lives. You just have to ask yourself at some point: What motivated my own relationships? What was I searching for? Have I gone about this in the right way? They make us question the world and they make us think; sometimes they do a good job of making us laugh as well. Isn’t this what any good literature is supposed to do? Both of these plays take pains to provide us a view of the sometimes agonizing acrobatics that can often attend an encounter of boy meets girl. They are bold statements about the weight that outside social forces often have on intimate relationships. We have seen how the rise of the middle class in 19th Century London society had a strong effect upon human relationships. In a sense, we have discovered just how The Importance of Being Earnest was actually a response to the pretentious neurosis of the landed gentry of the UK during that time. So too, in Sure Thing, we were made to examine what we have learned about relationships in the aftermath of the sexual revolution. Here, we saw just how the fast-paced exchange of two strangers encountering one another for the very first time, forced the issue of the social and class perceptions during the waning years of the 20th Century. Even though these two playwrights wrote a century apart from one another, through our analysis of the plot and the motivations that undergirded both of these masterpieces of the stage, we were able to see just how much they actually had in common. Bibliography AE Home Video (Release Date: July 26, 2005) Biography: Oscar Wilde Ives, David, (1994) All in the timing: Six on-act comedies. Dramatist’s Play Service. (2008) (Director) Jason Salazar. Sure Thing as performed by the pigeon player’s theatre company. Retrieved at: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=XliV9M7-If4 Wilde, Oscar (2004) The importance of being earnest. Ist World Library

Explore how Shakespeare develops Essay Example for Free

Explore how Shakespeare develops Essay Explore how Shakespeare develops the themes of duty, responsibility, love and loyalty in the Antony and Cleopatra. Throughout the play Antony and Cleopatra, Shakespeare develops and explores the themes of duty, responsibility, love and loyalty; from the very beginning of the play Shakespeare places these themes in conflict with one another and these conflicts are embodied in the most obvious sense through Antonys rejection of the Roman Empire and its ideals for the love of Cleopatra and a far more frivolous laid back life in Egypt. And in turn these differences in ideals are conveyed to the audience in the beginning of the first act when Philo and Demetrius come to the stage and discuss Antonys dotage over Cleopatra and how it Oerflows the measure. Philo laments at how Antony, once a powerful warrior, triumvir of the Roman Empire and a triple pillar of the world has given up all this power and become the bellows and the fan [that] cool a gipsys lust. The language used by Shakespeare at this point in the play helps to establish the antithetical nature of the Egyptians and the Romans; Philo describes Antony with powerful hyperboles and metaphors, evoking potent superhuman, heroic imagery as he speaks of Antonys eyes that glowed like plated mars, passionately and verbosely referring to his captains heart which was so powerful that it burst the buckles on his breast. The conviction with which Philo speaks brings the political and war faring nature of the Romans to the forefront and it becomes clear that the world Antony used to occupy is greatly at odds with the world he now inhabits with Cleopatra who is derogatorily described as having a tawny front (highlighting the Romans latent racial prejudices) and whose gipsys lust has reduced Antony to a strumpets fool. Philo never once uses positive words or language to describe the love between Antony and his queen; he constantly uses words that undermine the actual power she has a queen. The potency of his hatred for Cleopatra is conveyed eloquently through his use of language; Philo makes it obvious that in Rome intangible emotions such as love are undervalued in comparison to the far more corporeal physicality of great fights and the musters of war. It is very obvious that Philo does not view the relationship between Antony and Cleopatra as a great or Romantic but one of blind and foolish lust which has distracted Antony from his responsibilities and his duty. Furthermore, when Antony himself speaks of his love for Cleopatra the contrast between his former Roman ideals and his new Egyptian way of thinking become clearer, his first line to Cleopatra as he enters the stage is Theres beggary in the love that can be reckoned, implying that his love for her is immeasurable and takes precedence above all, the fact this is powerful and Romantic statement is the very first thing Antony says as he enters the stage magnifies the sentiment behind it. Further evidence of the greatness of Antonys love for Cleopatra is given when she chides him about the messenger from Rome who may be carrying a message from Caesar or his wife Fulvia, both of whom represent his responsibilities at home and both of whom he dismisses in his grand and dramatic statements that he provides her in response to her teasing (let Rome in Tiber melt and the wide arch of the ranged empire fall!), reassuring her that the two of them and their love for each other stand up peerless. It is Antonys use of imagery here that really encapsulates the depth of his love for Cleopatra, his acknowledgment of the greatness of Rome has a paradoxical quality to it as he confirms the greatness of its wide arch in the same breath and sentence as he confirms it.

International Effects of Oil Prices

International Effects of Oil Prices High prices of oil and steady resource depletion have raised international concerns for energy supply security. Thriving exploration is a significant factor and activity for future oil production. The global economy is currently experiencing high level of international business forces acting upon its stableness. International oil prices relation to international crisis is an essential element in the global economy. This study reveals the insights and effects of oil and gas exploration in the international crisis. This research paper presents the effects of oil prices on the international relations. The paper presents the strategies and the requirement in filling these effects by providing empirical findings on oil price volatility in relation to international trade, international terrorism, natural disasters, wars, global economic stability, global financial crises, politically instigated crises among other international variables. The foundation for this research is the correlation between oil prices and international relation. The paper presents the preliminary results and information derived from the data currently being generated by the international economy, international trade and other global organization economic watchdogs This paper explores whether there is stable and reliable oil price shocks relationship with the U.S Dollar nominal exchange rate and other countries currency. Regardless of the state of art methodologies and precise data, I find inconsistently slight logical relation between oil prices and the exchange rate. The paper generally focuses on the international crisis conduct with the emphasis on the strategies development in the detailed results of the research. These include the conflicts resolutions on the international oil prices settlements. I reviewed several prominent hypothesis and theories, methodologies about the resolution of the crisis especially to the western and the Middle East countries which are the most oil competing countries. The paper investigates factors contributing to the increase of oil price. The crude oil demand and supply and development of a crude oil prices model to include refinery utilization rates is discussed. This brings an OPEC capacity utilization non linear effect. In developing the oil prices correlation to international crisis the project focuses on the following major areas of study: Positive and negative factors that affect the international oil prices. The effects of oil and natural gas price on the global economy especially the West (Ratner, 2011). Effects of oil price on international economic variables. Finally the project outlines the relationship between oil prices and international crises. This paper explores whether there is stable and reliable oil price shocks relationship with the U.S Dollar nominal exchange rate and other countries currency. Regardless of the state of art methodologies and precise data, I find inconsistently slight logical relation between oil prices and the exchange rate. The paper generally focuses on the international crisis conduct with the emphasis on the strategies development in the detailed results of the research. These include the conflicts resolutions on the international oil prices settlements. I reviewed several prominent hypothesis and theories, methodologies about the resolution of the crisis especially to the western and the Middle East countries which are the most oil competing countries. The paper investigates factors contributing to the increase of oil price. The crude oil demand and supply and development of a crude oil prices model to include refinery utilization rates is discussed. This brings an OPEC capacity utilization non linear effect. In developing the oil prices correlation to international crisis the project focuses on the following major areas of study: Positive and negative factors that affect the international oil prices. The effects of oil and natural gas price on the global economy especially the West (Ratner, 2011). Effects of oil price on international economic variables. Finally the project outlines the relationship between oil prices and international crises. This analysis explores and studys two oil effects of oil companies that they have branches in Saudi Arabia. One is Aramco Company and Drilling Company, as their major operation is oil and they face the financial crisis in that time. The companys among others has brought the price shocks on U.S. and international economic growth. Key Words International crisis, Budget Deficit, Consumer Price Index, OPEC, foreign policy crisis, crisis management, conflict management, decision making, Oil prices, Refinery industry, , Inflation, Real Wage, Purchasing Power Parity, GPD(Gross Domestic Product). Introduction The rapid rise in the oil price is subject to debate on which many economists expresses different views. The crude oil supply from the main oil producers and other downstream sectors are perceived to have the answer to the high rise of the oil prices. The refining capacity in many countries is falling and many existence refineries have unscheduled maintain ace leading to collapse of the oil refinery thus high prices. The major oil crude oil producers from Middle East have experienced difficulties in production sufficiency in ensuring the linear supply of the oil across the globe. Oil shortage expectations are also influential on the oil prices. Major international oil regulatory organizations such as the OPEC and OECD are playing major roles in regulating the oil prices as it greatly affects the international crises. Determination of the oil prices is affected by the existence of relationship non linearity between oil prices and market delivered quantity. Extreme events of linear rel ationship may shift the market stability between supply and demand towards different types of market. In this context, the oil prices are much more sensitive to shocks than under normal conditions. Non-linearity between oil prices and the market may be caused by lags related with development of additional extraction and refining capacity (Ratner, 2011). As the production approaches the oil prices is more sensitive to supply under the given constraint. The cost of doing business increases with increase in energy prices, which tends to erode corporate profits, thus lower stock prices in the market. Higher oil prices have usually spelled bad news for most companies, excluding the oil and energy-related firms. It seems that the recent global financial crisis may have altered some fundamental rules of market behavior. Oil and stocks now make for strange bedfellows (Palash R. Ghosh, 2010). Oil prices and the U.S. stocks have moved in opposite directions. Oil prices are considered to be among the fundamental determinants of the global economic performance (Krichene, 2008). The adjustment of the oil prices leads to changes in terms of trade between oil exporting countries and importing counties. The changes are normally caused by the transfer of income and resources from the importing to the exporting countries (Richter Pahl, 2009).The degree of oil prices adjustments in global economies is based on the proportionate cost of oil to natio nal income, the extent of dependence by end-users to imported oil and their flexibility to switch to other sources of energy such as solar energy, oil sands, ethanol, biodiesel, wind energy, coal mine methane,   geothermal energy, nuclear energy,   hybrid cars, LNG, GTL, and hydrogen fuel cells  , and also dependant on the responsiveness of gas prices to the oil-prices adjustments and the level of gas intensiveness of the respective economy (Krichene 2008). This is the impact of oil prices adjustments to the other sources of energy available in a respective economy (Richter Pahl, 2009). The higher the margin of oil prices adjustments and the longer the new prices are sustained, the greater the macroeconomic impact on the global economy. Oil is the primary source of energy in almost all of the major industries in the global economy. This research seeks to analyze the correlation between oil prices and international crises Literature Review International Crisis: According to Holsti (1991), based on the systems perspective of international crisis, he defined international crisis as the circumstance or situation where normal nature of relations between countries is significantly changed. For example, the uprising in Egypt is a situation that erupted in the international system leading to conflicting interactions against domination of nations globally. Trumbore, (2000) argued that international crisis follows certain stages of progress. These stages include; the pre-crisis warning phase, the crisis phase, crisis abatement phase and finally post-crisis phase, its during a crisis that real leadership is tested. This is mainly because normally during the first stage of a crisis, no attention is normally taken. During the second phase when the crisis has taken ground, there is chain of events followed by panic, and control measures from decision makers such as the government. The crisis is normally later controlled before or after causing damage. H olsti (1980) observes that during the last phase, the post-crisis, evaluation and preventive measures are normally put in place. Factors Affecting Oil Prices and its Effects on the Global Economy especially the West. Fluctuations in oil prices have an effect on certain fundamental variants such as nominal wage, real wages, consumer price index, purchasing power parity, budget deficit inflation rate among other macroeconomic variables. (Richter Pahl, 2009). According to Krichene (2008), oil prices are primarily affected by its demand, natural disaster, and political unrests. In addition, Krichene (2008) asserts that restrictive legislation, declining oil productions and speculative buying also influence oil prices significantly. Economic empirical research shows that, when the global economy is exposed to higher oil prices, it leads to inflation, increase in input costs and decrease in investment. The West has been the major casualty of economic shocks caused by oil price fluctuations since it destabilizes their growth capacity which is largely dependent on oil (Richter Pahl, 2009). Comparative to the West, emerging economies are less hit by effects of oil prices in the short-run in form of infl ationary side effects. However, in the long-run, negative effects from the West normally trickle down to the emerging economies (Richter Pahl, 2009). Systematically, global economic effects caused and compounded by the adjustments in oil prices directly or indirectly affect international crises. For instance, the recent international crises, such as the devastating earth quake in Japan, the Arab countries in uprising, the rebels activities in Libya are speculated to dampen progress made on the global economic recession especially in the West (Ratner, 2011). Oil prices and International Crisis: Ratner (2011) an analyst in Energy Policy has observed that with the resent resignation of the long-time Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, the aftermath to the natural gas and oil sector is uncertain. In fact, analysts globally acknowledge that the impact of a disrupted Egypts oil, natural gas, and or the closure of the Suez Mediterranean oil pipeline and the Suez Canal would be catastrophic to the world natural gas and oil market (Ratner, 2011).The uprising in Egypt has already led to adjustments in oil prices globally in anticipation of an international crisis. Even though Egypt is technically considered a small player in the international oil industry, its instability still has severe implication in the global market. This gives evidence of an existing relation between international crisis and oil prices. As the chief regional supplier, the most affected would be Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt accounts for only an average of 2.1% of global oil and natural gas supply with a proven 1.2% of worlds gas reserves (Ratner, 2011).Away from oil production, the recent devastating Japans earthquake has already send aftershocks around the global market. In addition to the loss of over 10 000 people, destruction of Japans nuclear power plants leading to radiations emissions, there is a pending economic international crisis. Due to the earth quake impact on the Japanese economy, the production to cars is expected to decline sharply leading to adjustment in prices of oil. This suggest there direct or indirect relationship between the prices of oil and international crisis. The instability in Libya has also led to the soaring of global oil prices which has had led to inflationary pressures globally. Libya holds most of the oil reserves in Africa and it is actually the 15th largest crude oil exporter accounting for 1.2 million barrels of oil daily. It is feared that production losses in this North African country are bound to be absorbed by countries such as Saudi Arabia as a mechanism of compensating for the shortage. Motivation Study of oil prices in global economic and international crisis is an important entity. There is need for study of the relation with international crises .Research on the correlation between oil prices and international crises is important because the findings from this study will address most of the international crises in the world. In the recent global financial crisis, the findings from this research will be essential to control, mitigate effects on the global economy and forestall reoccurrence of the negative impacts in the future. Understanding the correlation of oil prices with international crises such as wars, poverty, the Arab uprisings, situation in Afghanistan, the struggles in Iraq among others would be influential to policy makers in coming up with conclusive political and macroeconomic policies. The research inclusively enhances the global trade market in understanding the root cause of the products price increase. It opens fresh ground and enhances the studies of oil alternative source of energy to reduce overdependence on oil as the primary source of energy. Furthermore, the results from this research will also enhance international relations among nations. Also it will add empirical findings to the existing body of knowledge to the nature of oil and now its relation with international crises. The sustained growth of international business over the past two decades is one of the most significant and dramatic trends across the globe in reducing the international crisis. Business market and trade of most goods and services have significantly expanded with the development in the effective financial implementations in the world (Holsti, 1991). The effect of the oil prices is widely felt in many products but the international business is working towards reducing the oil prices effects. The integration of technology, investments, communication has enhanced the todays global trade and business connecting the world economies together. Corporate empires emergence in the global economy has changed the business platform which has enhanced the globalization of production (Trumbore, 2000). Problem Statement Todays foreign policy devise policies without understanding fundamental variables influencing international crisis in regard to oil prices and vice versa. The crude oil supply from the main oil producers and other downstream sectors are perceived to have the answer to the high rise of the oil prices. The refining capacity in many countries is falling and many existence refineries have unscheduled maintenance leading to collapse of the oil refinery thus high prices. The major oil crude oil producers from Middle East have experienced difficulties in production sufficiency in ensuring the linear supply of the oil across the globe. The empirical study at the two Saudi Arabian oil companies reveals that, the international crisis has an influential factor from these particular companies. Aramco Company and Drilling Company are oil production companies in Saud Arabian region on which they are currently facing the financial crisis. Their conditions on the futures markets have an effect on stock behaviors thus the oil price setting. Their crude oil prices model is increasingly rising affecting the international oil prices. This includes the refinery utilization rates, OPEC capacity utilization non linear effect and deteriorating of futures markets conditions. These are the explanatory variables that exist between the international crisis and the crude oil production. The drilling company is generally on critical conditions as the finding shows the employees satisfaction thus unstable expertise in the company. This further contributes to low level of productions. There is also incapacity of the crude oil storage thus the production level is dependent on the capacity storage. The adjustment of the oil prices in the companies shows a rapid rise anticipated by high level of production cost. According to the companys work force, the oil exploitation processes which involves the ground drilling is gradually becoming complex. This has led to an increase in exploitation costs as more resources are required thus affecting the oil prices. The low level of production has led to international crisis as the companys are struggling to sustain the global oil market. There is resistance by some of the companys workforce to the declines in wages as the oil price increase and the international crisis typically causes an upward pressure on nominal wage levels. External forces such as the Oil regulating organization which includes OPEC is also affecting the companys marketing position due to the unfavorable policies (Holsti, 1991). According to the companys expertise the there has been maintenance of a low stock in provision of efficient oil. They urge that sufficient stock ensures the supply sustainability thus avoiding the oversupply or under supply of the oil. The methodology used to explore the companys conditions on the oil prices involves the updated quarterly data set. The data set is used in estimating the price equation which involves an expansion to accommodate other market conditions across the globe. The wide range of variables enables the estimation of the oil prices co integrating relationship in the companys. Quarterly data set used in evaluating OPEC effect on the oil prices in the company includes observation of the average imported oil from the company. The data showed a decrease in the average as the price rises up. The oil production and the rate of refinery utilization in the company affect the global oil prices thus international crisis. Essentially, co integration between the international oil prices entails that the exploitation rates across the world share the same stochastic trend. Different stochastic trends in oil production and refining rates prevent co-integration among different types of oil prices when the expl oitation rates do not share the same stochastic trend. Refinery utilization rates and the exploitation affect crude oil prices based on the companys refineries ability of crude oil conversion to final products. Essentially there are different qualities of crude oil which includes the sweet and sour as well as the heavy and light. The companies oil exploitation and refineries are designed to specifically operate in specific crudes. Therefore there is rise and fall of crude values based on the availability of specific types of crude relative to existing refining capacity. Lack of efficient refining capacity has contributed to the rise of the oil prices and international crisis in the company Trumbore, (2000). The companys also lacks the sufficient oil production capacity and existence of a non-linear relationship between supply and the oil prices. Results The results acquired from the data collected are generally categorized into the three hypotheses which were the guidelines of the empirical testing. The companys oil prices have a considerable level of impact on the international oil market. Empirical investigation on the companys oil production activities presented their effect on the international crisis. The analyzed data collected from the companies showed diverse reactions from different collected materials. The increase on the oil exploration costs in the companys has been a major cause of their low level crude oil production. This has an impact of international financial crises on the oil price as they adjust the prices now and then for profitable returns. The correlation relationships between the oil price and the financial crisis of the company have been a major hindrance of the companys growth. Results indicated that the oil refining sector plays a vital role in the recent oil price increase. This effect is related with shifts in the heavy and light grades production of crude oil as well as the price stretch between them. Existence of non linear relationships between OPEC spare capacity and oil prices account for real oil prices changes. The conditions on the futures markets also affect the non linear relationship. Many experts urge that the high oil prices on the global economy are contributed by a number of factors which with the change in oil prices. The changes in GDP were small as compared with past economic recession. The period of oil price shocks experienced drops on GDP growth. The increase in oil prices has affected most of the oil importing countries and the OECD countries. Oil prices and the global economy There exists a paradox and complicated relationship between oil prices and the economics. Production functions used by many economists are basically net of the purchased input. Saudi Arabia production is anticipated to rise within few years due to the experienced bubble in 2008. The oil prices fluctuations effects experienced on 1973 cannot be ignored. It left a great damage to global economy. The debate on the relationship and the effect of the oil prices on the economic activity is complicated by methodology issues. The substance also raises argument on the oil price in relation to economic activity (Trumbore, 2000). The current prices uses the consumer price indexes in economic data deflation recorded in current oil prices. Many of the oil consumers are industrial and commercial enterprises with a distance from the ultimate consumers. Frequently a rise on the oil price can bring the recession although extended economic growth period can provoke an oil prices increase. The principle drivers on the prolonged economic growth seem to have a history of great recession on the nations economy. Failure of the country in financial crisis anticipation brings about the great recession. The impact of the oil prices rise is normally nonlinear and asymmetrical as the dollar per barrel increase has different impact on a dollar per barrel decrease at another. Symbolically what rises does not necessary falls the same way. In essence it is difficult to forecast the oil prices demand, and supply for the oil production than it is for the other industries. Oil production industry is relatively different from many other industries. From my preliminary research there is a declining of pressure in majority of reservoirs across the globe. The declining level is sustained by the injection of natural gas, CO2, water or any other energy source. The prompted injection and the consequent cleaning of the crude in the surface consume energy. The processes of extracting the oil from underground are even more energy exhaustive. The energy consumed further increase the oil prices in the market contributing to the international crisis. The high level of technologically complex oil industry complicates the whole economical process which often takes long period of time to commercial fruition. Fluctuation of the oil prices is great than many industrial prices. Many producers especially the Middle East producers have taken long full production periods after the completion of the initial geological work. Thus oil drillers easily fear the risks in prices and other economic activity. The Middle East countries which are the major oil producers have been vulnerable to wars and attacks from terrorism. The terrorism activities have made the oil production unstable due to vulnerability of attacks in the regions. According to studies the Saudi Arabia region is vulnerable to criminal activities thus the oil producing companies fears the attacks. There marine oil transportation has been also faced threats from the pirates a nd other encountered problem in the transportation process. Large amount of European oil is imported through the Red sea between the Yemen and Somali(Richter, Pahl, 2009). There have been many cases of tankers hijacking in seas leading to loss of large amount of capital. This increase the international crisis as the producers is unable to fully exploit oil or transport it due to fear of losses. Heterogeneous nature of the oil market contributes to slow growth of the economy. Many operates in a decentralized and competitive market thus a forms a postulated mainstream. There is an excessive gross margin since the World War II. The international oil prices have intensified the international crisis on which it had defied a competitive market equilibriums basic rule. The margins have currently exceeded the addition cost of oil barrel production. Saudi Arabia region was the supplier of last resort in the period of $2 oil price but its oil costs has incrementally risen to 13% per oil barrel. Today there is no clear indication of the last resort supplier nor the incremental cost due to international crisis experienced. Most of the estimates on the gross margin are apparently below the recent years, market prices of the fuel. Consequently, the incremental gross margins comprehended by oil producing nations are positive. Most of them have a large average gross margins based on the variation between market average prices and out-of-pocket average costs. This provides the correlation between the oil crisis and the international crisis. The oil prices are non equilibrium but there is existence of equilibrium ranges of the oil prices. This leads to an elusive and fragile economic growth in the world. The equilibrium ranges are generated from the time lags of oil processing and transportation. To avoid the time lag oil producers uses the future and forward markets for speculative and hedging purposes. These markets have a major effect on the international crisis on which they become vulnerable to other markets players. These players lay off the bets from other markets and all of a sudden enter the futures markets triggering crisis. The players who are initially the speculators brings about the conflicts in the oil market increasing the international crisis. In the recent oil run up of 147 dollar per barrel, the futures market speculators are estimated to have increased the oil prices from 10 dollar to 20 dollar thus risking the international price of oil. Oil Prices and the Currency Market Oil plays an important role in the global currency market. The price of oil increased dramatically in 2008 when the US dollar value fall as compared to the other currencies. The relationship is that, when the dollar gets weak in its value leads to increase in oil prices thus international crisis. Oil is a very important resource as it is the main source of energy in many production industries. The rising prices have big impact on the inflation of the international economy as it creates added fuel surcharges. The surcharges therefore trigger the core inflation of the world economy as central banks maintain high interest rates. Deficits in nations have increasingly grown with the occurrence of the global economic crisis that started in 2008 due to high oil prices. This has led to global economic effect and the international crisis across the globe on which many economists urges that country should run deficits during periods of recession and those of high unemployment. Financial markets across the globe expresses have expresses fears due to increased in oil prices. They have expressed some behavioral characteristics and explanations of the largely market outcomes particularly of financial flows of both policymakers and investors significant practical consequences of the international crisis. Correlation Oil prices can be correlated positively to international financial markets as seen from the companys empirical study. The world basic products rise as the prices as the price of oil continued to rise, thus this is far much correlated. The period between 2003 and 2006, the world experienced an economic growth. It is easy to make a correlation at this time period as the period experienced the businesses success in many major industries that led to the market rise. At this period the oil price rose as well, though the two were not really it correlated. Financial analysts argue that oil doesnt necessarily bring a positive correlation to the financial markets. Alternatively financial markets perform well while the price of oil is rising. Negative correlation commonly accepted relationship between financial markets and oil prices. Many companies spend more when the oil prices are high to run their business. The logical explanation to this is that most companies ship their products. Compani es also use oil as the source of the energy for the production machinery. Therefore oil is a prime factor in the international crisis. The price of oil and inflation The oil price and inflation are more connected in grounds and effect relationship.   Inflation follows the oil price movement; as the prices of oil moves  down or up, it is accompanied by inflation in the same direction. This is because, oil is plays a major role in economic input. It is widely used vital activities thus the rise of input costs leads to increase of cost of end products. The raise of pricing increases the inflation level. The inflation led to the development of the consumer price index (CPI) which measures the inflation. The deterioration of the relationship between inflation and oil started after the 1980s. Generally the wars of the 1990s at Gulf  War  oil crisis led to doubling of oil prices. The expansion of the foreign exchange to incorporate the oil stocks has affected both the domestic financial accounts and international clients hedging activities. This has been reflected in international crisis as many corporations struggles to sustain their dominance in the market. The foreign exchange is much dominated by the U.S dollar which is followed by the euro and sterling. Emerging oil markets and the international business exposure of many oil producing countries has increased the hedging activities in the foreign exchange. The degree of exchange rate flexibility and the movement of capital across the globe have increased high level of inflation risks. Oil export strategies are underpinned by valued exchange rates generating precedential reserve accumulation in the exchange rate adjustment. Capitals exporting in oil finance investment have been considerable drivers of lower global long-term interest rates in the international business (Richter, Pahl, 2009). The oil shocks have affected the world trade structure. Macroeconomic Impacts of High Oil Prices A high oil demand arises from the products demand that uses oil in their production. Changes in oil prices are shared by the consumers in the prices of the final oil products. The foreign producers are spending more on importing their goods to their respective countries due to high level of fuel prices. Many countries economic purchasing powers are depleted and instead there has been a high level of deficit on many economies(Richter, Pahl, 2009). This is due to high level of borrowing due to budget overruns of many countries. This has further contributed to international crisis across the globe. The increased price of the oil forces many countrys businesses to invest heavily on the exports production, as opposed to available domestic demand for goods and ser

Daddy Good Country People and Shiloh Essay -- essays papers

Daddy Good Country People and Shiloh Sylvia Plath’s â€Å"Daddy†, Flannary O’Connor’s â€Å"Good Country People†, and Bobbie Ann Mason’s â€Å"Shiloh† all have something in common. In each, the relationship between a parent and child is discussed. It is left up to the reader to decide the nature of the relationship. Although what stands out in Sylvia Plath’s poem "Daddy" is the Nazi imagery, it is interesting to note that the father is not called a Nazi in the first half of the poem. In the first stanza he is a "black shoe / In which [she has] lived like a foot" (2-3) which is certainly a stifling image but not yet a clear reference to the father's evil nature. Next he is "Marble heavy, a bag full of God" and a "Ghastly statue" (8-9), images which reveal the daughter's struggle to cope with his death but do not reflect any bad intent on the part of the father. From line 15 to the midway point of "Daddy," Plath begins to use Nazi imagery, but she still does not attack the father. Instead, the poem focuses on the daughter's frustrating attempt to connect with her dead father through his native language, German. In the second half of "Daddy," it is difficult at first to pinpoint where Plath starts to include thoughts of her husband. The speaker of the poem doesn’t make specific reference of a marriage until line 67, there is evidence before that which suggests that the speaker had found a replacement for her father. The language of lines 48 to 50, "Every woman adores a Fascist, / The boot in the face, the brute / Brute heart of a brute like you," connotes an abusive relationship between husband and wife, not parent and child. Likewise, the phrase "the black man who / Bit my pretty red heart in two" (55-56) is much more approp... ...d Norma Jean for the death of her baby, claiming that Norma Jean neglected the child. For years Mabel was after Leroy and Norma Jean to take a trip to Shiloh, the site of a Civil War battle that ended tragically. This battle was the first indication of how horrible the war would be, just as Norma Jean began to realized what her life would be like with Leroy home all of the time. Somewhere along the trip Norma Jean decided to end the marriage. Mabel pushed Norma Jean into marriage when Leroy got her pregnant, Mabel criticized her all of the time, Mabel seemed to always take Leroy’s side when discussing Norma Jean, and Mabel pushed for the trip to Shiloh. Norma Jean’s feelings of anger most likely stem from her mother’s overbearing qualities. Bibliography: Sylvia Plath’s â€Å"Daddy† Flannary O’Connor’s â€Å"Good Country People† Bobbie Ann Mason’s â€Å"Shiloh†

Jamaican Patois and the Power of Language in Reggae Music Essay

Jamaican Patois and the Power of Language in Reggae Music Introduction Creole languages are found all over the world on every continent. When two or more languages come into contact to form a new language a Creole language is born. Some type of human "upheaval" that forces people to find a way to communicate, without using their own languages, stimulates the creation of a Creole language. In the case of Creole languages in the Caribbean, the "upheaval" is the past history of slavery. Most Creole languages are based on one language. In Jamaica the African slaves were thrown into a situation where the only common means of communication was English, or at least broken English, therefor Jamaican Creole has a majority of its roots in English (Sebba 1, 1996). Essential words which people could not find an English name for, such as people, things (like plants and animals) and activities (especially religious ones) were taken from a variety of West African languages. As a result of patois not being an official language, a name for the Jamaican dialect has not been settled to this day. Common names such as Jamaican, Jamaican Creole, Jamaican patwa or patois, Black English, broken English and even baby talk or slang are all used to describe Creole languages. In L. Emilie Adams’ book, Understanding Jamaican Patois, she states that none of these labels are appropriate for the Jamaican dialect. Creole refers to a mixed African/European language as well as Europeans born in the West Indies; therefore it is inappropriate to refer to the language of Africans in Jamaica as Creole. Patois is a term used widely in Jamaica, but patois can refer to any language considered broken or degraded in the world. Pryce (1997) prefers to use the term ... ...Nicholas, Tracy. Rastafari. — A Way of Life. Chicago: Research Associates School Times Publication, 1996. Oumano, E. "Reggae Says No to ‘Politricks’." The Nation, 265 (August 1997): 32-34. Pryce, Jean T. "Similarities Between the Debates on Ebonics and Jamaican." Journal of Black Psychology, 23 (August 1997): 238-241. Pulis, J. W. "Up-Full Sounds: Language, Identity, and the World-View of Rastafari." Ethnic Groups, 10 (1993): 285-300. Seeba, Mark. "How do you spell Patwa?" Critical Quarterl,y 38 (1996): 50-63. Seeba, Mark. "London Jamaican: Language systems in interaction." Languag,e 72 (1996): 426-427. "Talk Jamaican." Website. On-line. Internet. Available WWW: http://www.go.com/Titles?col=WW&qt=Jamaican+creole+or+patwa+or+patois&svx=home_searrchbox&sv=IS&Ik= Vasciannie, S. "The Official Language of Jamaica." Carribean Today, 10 (March 31, 1999).

Internal combustion engine Essay

There is a big debate about the future of the auto industry. The new big topic is electric cars. Ads emphasize how much less pollution these cars put out, but the truth is that many people do not realize the downside of these cars. For instance, did you know that average battery cost for electric cars is between $18,000 and $20,000? Also, these cars produce significant more amounts of sulfur dioxide compared to traditional internal combustion engines, and what about the factories that burn billions of tons of coal everyday to produce electricity to charge these cars? Yes, these cars do produce little carbon dioxide directly, but the main source of pollution comes indirectly from the power plants that power these cars. Electric cars are not the best environmental solution in the long run because they still cause pollution while charging and producing them, there is no safe place to dispose of the batteries, and they are extremely expensive (Hogan). The first major issue with electric cars is that the process of manufacturing and charging these cars produces billions of tons of carbon dioxide emissions. The EPA’s research shows that for an average size car, electricity’s emissions are about three times higher than the emissions of gasoline (Inside Climate Staff). Electric cars do not produce much pollution directly. Instead the pollution is rather created at the source of the energy, power plants. Pollution is caused when manufacturing and producing these cars too. In addition, large amounts of pollution are produced while mining for the metals found in the new types of batteries. All of the mining machines and vehicles are powered from fossil fuels such as coal, gasoline, and diesel fuels. A great amount of energy is lost in the process of transmitting the electricity from the power source to your car. Also, electric cars emit significantly higher amounts of sulfur dioxide into the air compared to internal-combustion engines. Sulfur dioxide is the main component that causes acid rain. Acid rain can cause damage to lakes, streams, forests, car paints, copper, stone, and other building materials. Acid rain soaks into the soil and roots of plants, and causes slowed growth, and loss of leaves or needles. In the Great Smoky Mountains, acid rain has actually killed one-hundred or more of the Frazier Fir and Red Spruce trees (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency). Furthermore, in the Northeastern United States. , such as in the Kesterson Reservoir in the San Joaquin Valley, acid rain caused hundreds of fish populations to vanish from lakes (Davis). Acid rain can contaminate our own drinking water without us even knowing it; it tastes, and looks like regular water! When sulfur dioxide is inhaled, it can cause damage to your heart and lungs, causing disorders such as bronchitis and asthma (National Parks Service). Additionally, battery disposal is a key issue. The average life of this new type of batteries is twenty-five to thirty thousand miles before they will have to be replaced. If electric cars are going to be a thing of the future, there will become an excess of batteries in landfills and other disposal sites. Presently, landfills are not designed to handle the millions of batteries that would need to be disposed of if millions of people were driving electric cars. If these batteries are not properly disposed of, toxic chemicals could leak into the environment. Also, recycling these lithium-ion batteries doesn’t appear to be in the future anywhere soon. The cost of collecting, organizing, and shipping these metals to a recycler far outweighs the value of the scrapped material, so for the time being, most of these metals will be thrown away in landfills and junkyards (Mitchell). Another obstacle with these materials being tossed in landfills is the possibility of corrosive chemicals leaking into streams, rivers, and lakes. The process of refining metals for these batteries also releases pollutants into the environment. Once the refiner gets what metal they need from the ore, they discard the other materials into the nearby ecosystems. When this happens, our drinking water could be contaminated, and it could also damage, or kill the wildlife in that area (Bacher). Lastly, these cars are extremely expensive. Because the batteries only last for about a hundred miles, this means you would have to charge them about three times for every full tank of gas that you would normally buy. Also, with this low charge capacity, it would be virtually impossible to take long trips. You would have to stop frequently to charge the battery, which takes about nine hours to completely charge. This would turn a normal two-hundred mile, four hour drive into at least a thirteen hour trip, assuming that you could find an open charging station! Another reason that these cars are so expensive is that you have to replace the battery in your car about every twenty-five to thirty thousand miles. This is a very costly expense, especially since each new battery is about eighteen to twenty thousand dollars! This is $80,000 for batteries alone if you drive 100,000 miles in your car! The price of charging an electric car is less than what a full tank of gas would cost you, but you end up paying for it in the long run when you have to replace the battery. Electric cars are expensive from the start. The average retail price of most electric cars is in the thirty to forty thousand dollar range. Most middle class individuals cannot afford to pay this price for this new technology, which is why this will not be the best economical solution in the long run. These cost projections assume that both the car and the battery work correctly for the duration of their lives, but what if the battery breaks, or stops working, forcing you to replace it? The technology is new and underdeveloped, which means that there might still be some problems or â€Å"bugs† that the designers haven’t had a chance to fix. That’s $20,000 right there that you would have to pay in addition to the purchase price. That’s close to half of what you originally paid for the car! Since these cars are less, there are fewer mechanics that are qualified to work or operate on them, so the price of operation will be very high. Electric cars were released around 2010, which means there hasn’t even been enough time for a mechanic to get a four-year degree in operating on electric cars (Hogan). The problem with automobile pollution definitely needs to be addressed and solved, but fully-electric cars are not the best solution. They are made out to be better than they actually are, and they definitely have major disadvantages. First of all, they will have to become a lot cheaper for people to be able to afford them. The general public cannot afford to pay $20,000 for a new battery every 30,000 miles. Designers also need to find a way to lengthen the range of these cars. With only a 100 mile range, it is just not practical for most people. In addition, these cars still produce pollution, just not directly. All of the pollution is created indirectly, at coal-burning electricity power plants. Another unaddressed issue is that these cars emit large amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which is what combines with water to become acid rain. Lastly, there is no good place to dispose of batteries. If millions of people are going to be driving these cars, there will be tons of toxic batteries in landfills and disposal sites, which can cause harm to the wildlife, and the surrounding environment. If you accidentally miscalculate the charge left in your car, you will be stuck. Unlike a gas-powered vehicle, you cannot simply fill up your car with a gas can. With electric cars, there is no way to replenish the energy in your car on the side of the road. The fully-electric car was a good idea, but in the long run, it is not the best answer. The automobile companies need to continue to improve internal combustion engines to decrease their carbon dioxide emissions. Works Cited Cultrona, R. L. Pros and Cons of Electric Cars. 1999-2012. 18 March 2012. . Davis, Jay. Marine Bio. 1998-2012. 18 March 2012. . Hogan, Micheal C. The Encyclopedia of Earth. 21 February 2012. 18 March 2012. . Mitchell, Robert L. Computer World. 22 August 2006. 18 March 2012. . National Parks Service. 28 October 2010. 18 March 2012 . Staff, Solve Climate. Inside Climate News. 1 April 2010. 18 March 2012. . U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 8 June 2007. 18 March 2012. .

Helping Your Child Recover from Sexual Abuse

From a parent point of view I ask the question of how you help your child heal from sexual abuse. I have chosen this because I am a parent that is going through trying to help my child heal from her abuse. As I research the Ashford library, Pro Quest, Goggle, and information from the Women’s Center of Houston. I have found that parents play an important role in helping our children recover from sexual abuse. Just as helping those with school work, trying to tie their shoes, picking out their clothes for the day, or even helping them be successful in the future. It’s our duty as parents to give them support, belief, and protection when they have been through a shocking experience. How do you help your child heal from sexual abuse? Caren Adams and Jennifer Fay, University of Washington Press, 1987, ask the same question. Put yourself in parent’s shoes that are going or has been through what we fear each and everyday. Can you wonder how it feel if your child comes to you and says â€Å"it has happen to me†? What do you do after the shocking news? The nightmare of coping with the sexual abuse of your child begins. Will your child get over it? Will your child grow up to be an offender? What do you do in the days to come? Will this affect your child’s life? Parents of child victims are all over the world are asking this question right now. Hundreds of children are being sexual abuse every year. America reports that every 1 in 4 girls will be sexually abused by thee age of 18, and 1 out of 8 boys will be also. There are many different types of abuse that can occur, but the single most traumatizing type is sexual abuse. Sexual abuse is unwanted sexual activity forced on a person by another through coercion or threats. Now no one wants their child to go through a traumatic experience growing up. So when something like this happens to your child the question still stands. How do you help your child heal from sexual abuse? This question may be hard to answer if you never been in this situation before. I didn’t know how to go about to even find ways on healing for my daughter. Her sexual abuse happen when she was 14 year old. I’ve called several hotlines to speak to social workers, of the Child Assessment Center. I just need the first step in talking to someone about my situation in getting some help for my daughter. The social worker was kind enough to tell me that she might need to go to counseling before it gets too late in the future. Counseling for children and teens that has been sexual abuse is good this will help your child to be able to talk about the abuse that he or she has experienced. It really starts from the beginning, when the first thing you need to do is separate your natural reaction to the horrible news from the disbelief of your child. Feeling of disbelief is called denial, and most of the time they wish that all of this is a bad dream. Children hide their feeling from parents and other people around them. Our role is to support our child/children in recovery through reassurance, safety, and love. A parent of a victim of sexual abuse told me that in order to heal from the pain and hurt. â€Å"We need to find a position of recover first†. From that note I realize that it take parents to be able to heal themselves as well, so that they can help their children heal. We must tell our child/children that we believe them, we love them, I’m sorry that this happen to you, It wasn’t your fault; I will be there to take care of you. The subject on helping your child heal from sexual abuse is important because our children are our future. There is life after the abuse. The victims can become what ever they desire to be in the future and put the hurt in the past. This will allow the healing to take over the world and be successful adults.

Beginners Guide for Zend Framework 2.0

Beginners Guide for Zend Framework 2. 0 When it comes to open source software and applications, Zend Framework is one of the most preferred platforms for web applications. Zend Framework 2. 0 has been released to overcome the common issues of the previous version and provide an advanced framework for the development of web applications. You can expect a lot of new features including cloud computing, superior event management, and advanced features for event tracking. The Beginners Guide for Zend Framework 2. is a series which will help you in getting started with Zend Framework 2. 0. We are going to discuss each and every aspect of ZF2. 0 with practical example. What’s new in Zend Framework 2. 0 Before starting with ZF2. 0, let us find out what’s new in this version †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ New and refactored Autoloaders Improved Exception System Advance and refactored View Component New Cloud Infrastructure component New and advan ced Event Manager component New Plugin Broker Strategy Rewritten Session Component New Dependency Injection ComponentPost 1 of series ——————————————————————————————————– How to setup Zend Framework 2. 0 Zend Framework 2. 0 is a whole new outfit for Zend Framework and you will find new components, renamed and changed components, and addition of advanced services for better web applications. You would be amazed with the bug fixes and error controlling components available with ZF2. 0. So you need a lot of modifications for this latest version and let us find out how to start working with ZF2. 0. Installing Zend framework 2. First of all you need to download the setup of ZF2. 0 and the best option is to download Zend Framework Minimal Package fo r Windows including PHP 5. 3 in it. Save the file in the library folder as library/zend. There are different methods for installing ZF2. 0 on your machine: †¢ †¢ †¢ Installation Using Pear Installation Using Subversion (svn) Using Git Installation with Pear For the users having Pear enabled on their system, the best method of installing ZF 2. 0 is by using Pear and following two simple command as: pear channel-discover pear. zfcampus. org pear install zfcampus/zfInstallation with Subversion (svn) Users having Subversion running on their system can download the software from public repository and you are not required to download the whole version, you can simply upgrade the frame work with new releases. Installing with Git Many programmers prefer Git for downloading the latest software upgrades and you can use Git for the latest version of ZF 2. 0. Getting ready for your first ZF Project Zend Framework has some specific system requirements like adding frame work in inc lude_path and access to scripts located outside the document.You need to have a proper directory structure before starting with the project and let us find out the best directory structure for your first ZF project 1. docroot/ 2. index. php 3. application/ 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. default/ controllers/ IndexController. php FooController. php models/ views/ 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. scripts/ index/ foo/ helpers/ filters/ blog/ controllers/ IndexController. php models/ views/ scripts/ index/ helpers/ filters/ news/ controllers/ IndexController. php ListController. hp models/ views/ scripts/ index/ list/ helpers/ Filters/ Each of the directories has a specific role and use, let us find out the importance of each of these directories Application: Application directory is meant for all the codes used for the application. Configs: This directory is responsible for the overall application. Modules: Modules are required for at different stages of development so make sure to create a directory for modules for any future requirements of the project. Data: Data directory is responsible for holding volatile and temporary data including sessions, logs, cache, and even the upload data.This directory will act as an easy to find data block for your application. Library: This directory is used for storing different libraries that are throughout the application. Add this directory in include_path for any reference and requirement. Scripts: Script directory is used for maintaining all the scripts including patches, command line, and cron scripts used in the application. Docs: This directory is created for storing data generated in the application and data directly used in the application. Setting Up bootstrapBootstrap is the entry and exit point for all the command in any given applications including requests, response, route, and even dispatch commands. For setting up your Bootstrap, create index. php file and a dd the following code in your application. Background Process: First of all, you need to define all the main directories as contants for easy access and then initiate Zend/Application/Application for starting the application. The command bootstrap() is used for booting the application and then transfer the control to the original bootstrap of the application.For higher security, make sure to mention minimum details in index. php and try to keep all the logic in the bootstrap class created in your application directory. The next step in setting up ZF 2. 0 is to create the . htaccess file for handling and redirecting all the requests to bootstrap. Create . htaccess file for your project The main function of . htaccess file is redirect all the requests made in the project to the public bootstrap file. Before creating the file, you need to mention its global configuration like rewriting writes and similar permissions.You can do it by following method. Create a directive in your vhost fi le and provide permission for . htaccess to be parsed. allow override all none Now create public/. htaccess file with following code: Once you have created the . htaccess file for your application, you are ready to start with the project. Although there are some simple steps left in the process including setting up the application. ini file and then you can start with creating your first controller, how to input data from user, filter the data, validating data, and a lot of different things.Conclusion: ZF 2. 0 has a lot of quality upgrades as compared to the earlier version and the best way to use all of these features is to follow this guide step by step. There are many new features added in ZF 2. 0 which makes it a really powerful tool for developing impressive web applications. One of the most important additions is the advanced Event Manager and Cloud Infrastructure tool provided in ZF 2. 0. There is a lot to learn in this new feature packed Framework. Next Post Contents: †¢ †¢ Displaying information to user How to link pages together

Murder: Crime and East West Highway Essay

Nowadays lots of people commit crime, some of them steal, hack information other rape or kidnap but the most awful crime is to murder, society consider murdering the most aggressive act. In most countries people convicted of murder is given a long prison sentence and possibly a life time sentence and in some countries death penalty. In fact, there are many reasons that lead a person to murder which include psychological problems, mental illness, their past and passion First of all, most murders are people with psychological issues that lead them to commit such crimes. ome of them do it just for the pleasure as seeing blood and people suffering makes them happy and people like these are without emotion and sensitivity, this case is considered as a disease called psychopath these criminal are cold-blooded, have no mercy, no feelings toward their victims they are capable to kill without any regrets. One criminal said: â€Å"that if rape were legalized, he wouldn’t do it, but he declared that he would certainly do something else that was just as exciting and forbidden and he identified his self as someone that thirst for excitement and a buildup at the expense of others. No matter what the laws, mores, and customs of a particular society are, he will violate them and leave a trail of injury behind ’’. in addition ted Bundy a psychopath criminal said: â€Å"I just liked to kill, I wanted to kill. † These people make their own decision and are pretty sure about it and do it as it was the right thing to do. Furthermore John Gacy, called his victims: â€Å"worthless little queers and punks,† while the â€Å"Yorkshire Ripper† Peter Sutcliffe brashly declared that he was â€Å"cleaning up the streets† of the human trash. As if their act seems totally fair and killing these is people for the good of the society( Pincus, Jonathan H.  What makes killer kill? N. Y: Norton and company. Inc. , 2001. Web. 11 June 2013. ) In the 19th century psychopath people were considered to be moral insane and with anti social behavior, lack of conscience and emotional vacuity. Dealing with these criminal punishments rarely works with them because they are fearless of the consequences and impulsive by nature. Studies has shown that 60% of psychopathic had lost a parent, thus when he was a child he was deprived of love or nurturing, parents were divorced or absent, inconsistent discipline if the father was very strict and the mother was soft and gentle, the child earns to refuse authority and manipulate his mother. All these issues combined together can lead to psychopath people. In addition to psychopath criminals there are people with bipolar disorder. This issue was used constantly in the court to avoid capital punishment or life time sentence as the criminal claim to suffer from bipolarity and is considered as insane to avoid the consequences of his act. But lately the law refused to consider bipolar people as legally insane. People suffering with bipolarity are people that when committing crime are unconscious about their act, and are known to have 2 different personality, one that fit with the value and norms of the society and act as a normal people but when anger and depression take place, an awful and aggressive personality appear and can lead the person the commit a crime due to shifts in mood, thinking, energy and behavior. However the causes of bipolarity until now aren’t clear enough but it often runs in the family and begins with teenagers. As we notice the causes of bipolarity and psychopath are sometimes due to the child past. The childhood of a kid is very important, the environment where he was raised, how his parents raised him, if he had a proper education all these aspect forms a person personality. In addition people with mental illness such as schizophrenia are people that hear voices in their heads, and hallucination is very common in their cases, this problem can lead to lose conscious and always be afraid especially when hearing voices coming out of their body and seeing unreal objects and people, by the time these people begin to believe unrealistic ideas and lots of other issues such as lack of affect, disorder thoughts †¦living a long time with this problem can confuse these people between the reality and the illusion that they are having leading them to suicide or killing people around them . urthermore some people suffer from what is called anti social personality disorder , usually when they are young these people are considered as shy ,and avoid interaction due to an intense fear of rejection . by growing up these people begin to feel really lonely and depressed and having social anxiety disorder that can lead them to murder . As we mentioned a child past has a major role in building up a person personality, unfortunate lots of children are not given the proper education and grow with lack of social problems that lead them to murder and commit crimes later on such as child abuse and a miserable childhood. Many people were abused when they were children. In fact there are many causes that lead to child abuse such as poverty, marital discord ,domestic violence, social isolation †¦thus in some cases the parents don’t have the right education and skills needed to raise a child , providing bad parental model for future generations . n addition most violated and abused children are likely to have lack of problems such as anxiety , depression , truancy , shame and guilt and all these problems with time can lead to suicide or to a future criminal , a murder with no feelings no regret no emotions this child will engage later on in criminal activity , promiscuity and substance abuse like drugs and alcoho l. ( National Association of School Psychologists. East West Highway: n. p. , 2011. N. page. Web. 11 June 2013) Furthermore the family structure is very important. Children living only with their fathers were more likely to endure the highest incidence rates of physical abuse, emotional and educational neglect, also children that their parents were fighting all the time or separated these aspect influence a lot a young child and affect later on his social life negatively and by time the child growth hate and detest is all he know , seeing his parents fighting all the time lead him to act like that in the society fearless , with vengeance and no proper behavior , always break the rules have no manners and respect the norms and value of his society . These kids with improper education are most likely to become murderers due to their miserable background and how they were treated. According to Diana J. English: â€Å"the stress that comes with poverty may predispose the parents to use corporal punishment that may lead to physical abuse†. However in some cases the family status is pretty well organized, the child is raised in a good family and his parents want the best for him, but unfortunately the child affected by his environment, living in the suburbs with his delinquent friends that pressure on him, and force him to make foolish things, and break the rules like skipping school, steal from the shop especially that children like these are raised in a poor family and a miserable place. In case like these the parents are not to blame they were giving him the right education but it’s his own choice that he made to live this life that he fined it exciting a life where he can do whatever he wants to, break the rules, ignore restraints and begin to lie to his parents and turn again his family, disrespect the norms and value of the society, with wicked and violent teenagers. Many young boys and girls defy their parents begin to lie, and fight always with them . in cases like that the child as the criminal is a dynamic and ironic kid, seeks for the adventure, take risks and always fall in trouble, once forgiven this attitude and acts begin to happen constantly and always demand to be forgiven every time and refused to be punished or follow the rules. No matter how hard his parents try to teach him the proper life style of a teenagers screaming and fighting take place all over the house. Most parents thinks that it could be an unstable stage were the teenager begin to discover his self, goes out, interact with the outside society and begin to have some liberty and make his own choices , hoping that this stage will end and their child will get back to reality and act properly . ut with the peer pressure and the environment where this child is living doesn’t help him too much in fact it makes things worse especially when parents begins to lose hope and try to make the impossible to stop their child of breaking the rules , reduce his pocket money , take his car away †¦ but the child remain unaffected, unmoved as a result he begin to steal the car , steal money and enroll his self in criminal activities with his friends . he past of a child is very important; how the family status was ,if he received a good and proper educ ation or not , where he lived , who were his friend , what problems he had †¦everything is related . Bad parenting and awful childhood can lead to a future criminal. Not to forget traumatized children is also a main cause that can affect children negatively and lead them to involve in criminal activities. Children exposed to crisis events such as acts of violence or death of a friend or family member is an unusual situation to the kid and really affect him. Seeing the kid one of his parents dying in front of him shot by someone, car accident, and even sometime own suicide and in case of acts of violence for example a father that always beat his kids and wife would harm a lot the child personality and causes to an aggressive attitude later on. The severe shock that the child was exposed to lead to lots of crying, confusion, anger, sadness, fear †¦ in some cases those reactions are temporally but if he is left untreated these problems could affect the child negatively in the future and this anger and revenge in the child mind can involves him to murder. Moreover when people with a clean profile and background murder someone, that means crime of passion took place, this type of murder is usually unplanned, happens suddenly. It refers to a crime in which the erpetrator commits an assault or a murder, against someone because of a sudden strong impulse such as a jealous rage or heartbreak rather than as a premeditated crime. For example a man walks into his room and find on his wife and her lover having a relationship, anger and jealousy take place and then the man shoots them both. And sometimes due to ended relationship where one side is heartbroken and cannot accept the idea of his lover separated from him or with anoth er person. As a famous quote say: â€Å"too much love can hurt you â€Å"that’s the case. In addition another type of passion crime is passion of motherhood where a mother kills her husband that is willing to kill his daughter. In some countries women are useless and rejected from the society, and when a girl is born the man disappointed, hoping to have a boy so he can carry on the family business and inherit his property to him later on. The man try the kill his daughter and as a result his wife trying to stop him ended up by killing her husband this type of murder is called passion of a motherhood that is trying to protect her daughter . Furthermore lots of crime rape end up by someone killed in case the women manage to kill the person who was trying to rape her its considered as passion crime of dignity to preserve her rights she was forced to murder. In fact, Texas is known as the highest rate of crime passion, however the juries sympathize most with crimes of passion, they take into consideration that the act of murder was due to a sudden shock, rage and jealousy and if there was no intent or planning killing the victim the charges dropped to man slaughter. To sum up there are many reasons behind murdering, many crimes happen every day, but what are the causes behind these murders? Some criminals commit such crime just for the pleasure and thirst of excitement others do it unconsciously these types of people are considered people with mental illness and lots psychological problems such as psychopath, bipolarity and mental illness however in other cases such as passion the act of killing is spontaneous , unplanned due to jealousy, anger and heartbreak .